Dental Composite - Properties, Types and Uses

Objectives

By the end of these revision notes, you should:

What are dental composites?

A composite describes a material that is a mixture of two or more materials. These materials contribute to the properties of the material and exist in their own discrete form. Dental resin composites are one of the most widely used dental materials and are used in a variety of ways including as a filling material and for indirect restorations.

Indications and Contraindications

There are multiple indications for composites highlighted below. There are also a number of contraindications/situations where caution is advised below.

Indications	Contraindications
Direct restorative material for anterior and posterior teeth	Large restorations - the larger the restoration, the greater the degree of polymerisation shrinkage (see below) and associated complications
Minimally-invasive dentistry	Parafunctional habits - composites have variable wear resistance depending on the filler content
Aesthetic cases	Deep gingival restorations - if a restoration extends under the gingivae, then it is very difficult to ensure good adaptation and isolation
Veneers	Lack of enamel - the bond to enamel is far superior than the bond to dentine
Fissure sealants	Poor moisture control
Core buildups
Indirect restorations
Metal allergies

Composition

There are three key components in dental composites:

Organic Resin Matrix

Forms the main matrix of the composite material

Inorganic filler

Held with the matrix

Coupling agent

Binds the filler to the matrix

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